Abstract: This report applies a cost-benefit analysis to quantify the economic effects of non-tariff measures in the agri-food sector. Three case studies are presented to demonstrate how such analysis can help identify least-cost solutions of Non-Trade Measures (NTMs) designed to ensure that imported products meet domestic requirements. The present analysis examines benefits and costs for the different domestic and foreign stakeholders involved, thus taking a broader view that goes beyond evaluating the trade impact alone.
Executive Summary: Regulations in the food and agriculture sector are put in place and enforced by governments in order to address societal interests where unregulated markets are not yielding the desired outcome. Many of the regulations address human health issues; others address environmental and animal welfare problems associated with agricultural production. Border and behind-the border measures are put in place by governments to assure that the imported varieties meet domestic requirements. Research on non-tariff measures (NTMs) is thus at the interface between domestic regulations and international trade.
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