Category Archives: Medical Cases

Medical Case Studies

by Bhumik | May 18, 2013

A Case Study on Health Locus of Control And Internal Resilience Factors Among Adolescents In Botswana

A Study about Health Locus of Control And Internal Resilience Factors Among Adolescents In Botswana

Abstract:~ Studies exploring self and health belief systems are keys to understanding the challenges to wholesome development of adolescents and creating interventions to enhance their mental, emotional and physical health status. Accordingly, this casecontrol study compared internal resilience factors and health locus of control among 1700 physical education and non- Physical Education students in the central and south-central regions of Botswana. The study variables were assessed using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) and a modified version of the Resilience Scale (Wagnild & Young, 1993:160). Analysis of variance of the loci of control and resilience scores were conducted. Although 78% of the resilience scores were well within the moderate range, females across the comparisons groups had significantly higher resilience scores than the males.

Introduction:~ Affirmative attitudes and beliefs about health and self, increase the likelihood that adolescents will behave wisely in high-risk situations and strive under adverse conditions such as poverty, bereavement, and other stressful life events (Bandura, 1997; Malcarne et al., 2005:47; Prelow et al., 2006:507). Accordingly, studies examining adolescents’ convictions about causative agents for health and the degree to which they feel capable of enduring and thriving under stressful conditions, can contribute to a greater understanding of life-enhancing competencies among this age group. This study compares differences in the health locus of control and internal resilience factors between students taking or not taking elective Physical Education in Botswana junior secondary schools (JSS) in order to generate hypotheses to be later tested in a quasi-experimental study in the context of school physical education. Keep reading…

Comments

Filed under Assorted, Medical Cases

Tagged as Analysis Of Variance, Attitudes And Beliefs, belief systems, Case Study on Health Locus of Control, causative agents, Experimental Study, Health Belief, Health Locus Of Control, Junior Secondary Schools, Locus Of Control, Locus Of Control Scale, Moderate Range, Multidimensional Health Locus, Physical Education Students, Physical Health, Risk Situations, School Physical Education, South Central Regions, Stressful Conditions, Stressful Life Events, Wholesome Development

by Bhumik | May 18, 2013

A Study of Under Nutrition In Slum Community of Mumbai

A Study about Under Nutrition in Slum Community of Mumbai

Abstract:~ Malnutrition among 0-6 years is an impending problem, especially among economically backward communities in urban India. In an attempt to alleviate malnutrition, within the target community, the Foundation for Mother and Child, India, prepared a special food supplement, using cheap and locally available resources. A brief evaluation study was conducted to evaluate the impact of this food supplement on improvement in parameters like weight, height, and mental abilities among the participants. The study was conducted between August 2010 to October 2010 (n=51), with the participants divided in four different age groups. The height and weight parameters were compared to ICMR standards for the age to understand the impact of the program. The mean improvement in height was 0.84 cms (SD-0.6) while the mean improvement in weight was 0.57 kgs (SD-0.8). A significant variance was observed due to different consumption levels of the supplement and differing levels of under-nutrition.

Introduction:~ As per the estimates by the World Bank (1998), India is ranked 2nd in the world with over 47% of its children exhibiting some degree of malnutrition. Malnutrition and under-nutrition tend to have a detrimental impact on the economic growth of any nation and affects the overall productivity. Further, malnutrition results in increased morbidity and mortality in the 0-6 year age group, which also tends to have an impact on the disease burden and healthcare spending in the country. Malnutrition levels across the country vary considerably with 13% in Meghalaya and 55% in Madhya Pradesh (Pediatric Oncall, n.d). Malnutrition is considered to be the major cause of mortality among Indians (Mitra et al, 2004). As per the census of India (2001), 17.5% of the Indian population is below the age of 6 years. The United Nations estimates that annually over 2.1 million children die before reaching the age of 5 years, largely due to preventable illness namely malaria, pneumonia, typhoid and measles. UN estimates are suggestive of over 1000 deaths in the same age group, each day, due to diarrheoal diseases. Keep reading…

Comments

Filed under Assorted, Concepts, Medical Cases

Tagged as age groups, available resources, Case Study on Under Nutrition, Census Of India, Consumption Levels, Degree Of Malnutrition, Detrimental Impact, Disease Burden, Evaluation Study, Food Supplement, height and weight, indian population, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mental Abilities, morbidity and mortality, mother and child, Oncall, Slum Community, Target Community, Under Nutrition, Urban India

by Bhumik | May 18, 2013

A Case Study on Cerner

Study about Cerner

Strategic Challenges: Healthcare is a highly complex, constantly changing business that is delivered differently in every country. Before embracing social business imperatives, Cerner and its diverse global client base met face-to-face throughout the year to exchange ideas and information about healthcare issues. Between these meetings, information critical to improving healthcare practices was previously locked down in disparate systems or lying fallow in the minds of innovators. Cerner wanted to turn the crank faster on their ability to surface clinical innovations, gather requirements, and leverage new clinical practices and technology. The big idea: go social to leverage mass collaboration and reduce time between discovery and adoption.

Solution Focus And Goals: To meet its strategic challenges, Cerner executives stepped back and asked themselves: what do we need as an industry and what do we need as a company? How can Cerner not only improve its business outcomes but the outcomes of its clients? Short answer: a social networking platform that transcends Cerner’s extended enterprise to include not only partners, clients, and associates but invited guests—researchers and industry experts, for example—who make critical contributions to the healthcare industry as a whole. keep reading…

Comments

Filed under Assorted, Industry Specific Cases, Medical Cases

Tagged as Business Imperatives, Business Outcomes, Case Study on Cerner, Cerner, Clinical Innovations, Clinical Practices, Crank, Critical Contributions, Disparate Systems, Exchange Ideas, Global Client Base, healthcare industry, Healthcare Issues, Healthcare Practices, Industry Experts, innovators, Networking Platform, short answer, Social Business, social networking, Solution Focus

by Bhumik | May 17, 2013

Case Studies in Chronic Disease Prevention

Studies about Chronic Disease Prevention

Introduction:~ The case studies that follow were prepared as background for a conference, Chronic Disease Prevention in Local Health Departments: The Challenge of the 21st Century, co-sponsored by the california conference of local health officers (cclho) and the county health executives association of california (cheac), held on January 22, 2008 in sacramento, california.the title of the conference is both a description of our current situation in public health and a call to action.

while the great proportion of preventable illness and premature death in the united states today is attributable to chronic disease, only a small fraction of local health department funding and workforce is dedicated to the prevention of chronic disease. in recent years, categorical programs, especially related to tobacco and nutrition, and time-limited foundation initiatives focused on obesity prevention and asthma, have provided essential building blocks for a more comprehensive approach to chronic disease prevention, but many o these efforts were carried out in relative isolation and lacked the broad base necessary to convert them into a more cogent force. Keep reading…

Comments

Filed under Assorted, Medical Cases

Tagged as Building Blocks, California Conference, case studies, Case Study on Chronic Disease Prevention, Categorical Programs, Cclho, Cheac, Chronic Disease Prevention, County Health, current situation, Executives Association, Health Executives, Local Health Department, Local Health Departments, Local Health Officers, Obesity Prevention, premature death, Prevention Studies, Public Health, Relative Isolation, Sacramento California

by Bhumik | May 16, 2013

Case Study on Innovations in Care Transitions

Case Study about Innovations in Care Transitions

Abstract: In 2008, the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Medical Center embarked on a grant-funded program to reduce hospital read missions for elderly patients with heart failure. With support from medical center leaders and a multidisciplinary team, program coordinators provide enhanced patient education and follow-up care connections to promote the patient’s successful transition to home or to skilled nursing care. Over two years, rates of all-cause heart failure readmissions in the target population declined by 46 percent within 30 days of hospital discharge and by 35 percent within 90 days.

The Challenge: Heart failure the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs is a serious and costly condition affecting up to one of 10 older people. Nationally, almost one-quarter of Medicare patients hospitalized with heart failure are readmitted to the hospital within 30 days and one-half are readmitted within six months—a reflection of the difficulty patients and family caregivers face in successfully managing this chronic condition. Comprehensive discharge planning and disease management programs that offer sustained follow-up care have reduced to sustain the program with internal funding and to expand its reach to include younger adults. Keep reading…

Comments

Filed under Assorted, Medical Cases

Tagged as California San Francisco, Care Connections, Care Transitions, Care Transitions case study, case study, Cause Heart Failure, Center Leaders, Chronic Condition, Discharge Planning, Disease Management Programs, Elderly Patients, Family Caregivers, heart failure, Hospital Discharge, Medicare Patients, multidisciplinary team, Patient Education, Patients With Heart Failure, Skilled Nursing Care, Target Population, Ucsf Medical Center, University Of California San Francisco

by Bhumik | May 11, 2013

A Case Study for Effects of Childhood Stress on Health Across the Lifespan

A Case Study about Effects of Childhood Stress on Health Across the Lifespan

Stress is an inevitable part of life. Human beings experience stress early, even before they are born. A certain amount of stress is normal and necessary for survival. Stress helps children develop the skills they need to cope with and adapt to new and potentially threatening situations throughout life. Support from parents and/or other concerned caregivers is necessary for children to learn how to respond to stress in a physically and emotionally healthy manner.

The beneficial aspects of stress diminish when it is severe enough to overwhelm a child’s ability to cope effectively. Intensive and prolonged stress can lead to a variety of short- and long-term negative health effects. It can disrupt early brain development and compromise functioning of the nervous and immune systems. In addition, childhood stress can lead to health problems later in life including alcoholism, depression, eating disorders, heart disease, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Keep reading…

Comments

Filed under Articles, Assorted, Exclusive Articles, Medical Cases

Tagged as alcoholism, Beneficial Aspects, Caregivers, case study, Case study on Childhood Stress, Childhood Stress, chronic diseases, Compromise, Early Brain Development, Eating Disorders, Experience Stress, Health Problems, Heart Disease, heart disease cancer, Human Beings Experience, Immune Systems, Lifespan, negative health effects, prolonged stress, Stress Health, Survival Stress

by Bhumik | May 9, 2013

A Case Study on Coercion

A Study about Coercion

The exact medication and dosage is uncertain in this case but an assumption will be made regarding both. Mr. Jones, a 70-year-old man, had been to his doctor’s office complaining of dizziness and lightheadedness for several days after taking his new prescription of diltiazem hydrochloride, 180-mg once a day. Mr. Jones told his doctor, Dr. Smith, that his lightheadedness had become so severe that he collapsed hitting his head in the process. After this incident Mr. Jones discontinued taking his new prescription thinking it was responsible for his lightheadedness.

Dr. Smith ordered a twelve-lead electrocardiogram (EKG) and diagnosed Mr. Jones as having third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, a potentially life-threatening bradycardia. Third-degree AV block “is not a stable pacemaker, and episodes of ventricular asystole are common” (American Heart Association, 1994, p. 3-15). Mr. Jones was admitted to the telemetry unit of a metropolitan teaching hospital for monitoring and tests. One day later Tracy, the night shift nurse, received report that Mr. Jones was diagnosed with third-degree AV block. However, Tracy did not recognize Mr. Jones’ cardiac rhythm as being third-degree AV block. Keep reading on Coercion

Comments

Filed under Assorted, Concepts, Medical Cases

Tagged as american heart association, Assumption, Cardiac Rhythm, case study, Case Study on Coercion, coercion, Coercion Case Study, Degree Av Block, Diltiazem, Dizziness, Dizziness And Lightheadedness, Doctor Dr, Dr Smith, Electrocardiogram Ekg, Hydrochloride, Medication, Night Shift Nurse, Pacemaker, Teaching Hospital, Telemetry Unit, Third Degree, Ventricular Asystole

by Bhumik | May 8, 2013

A Case Study on Healthcare Coalitions

A Case Study about Healthcare Coalitions

The HPP is supported through eight Healthcare Coalitions. These coalitions work with local partners within each region to prepare hospitals, emergency medical services, and supporting healthcare organizations to deliver coordinated and effective care to victims of terrorism and other public health/healthcare emergencies. Each region maintains one full-time regional coordinator and one part-time medical director. The medical director is employed or contracted through a Medical Control Authority (MCA)

CDPH receives funding from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP). The funding provided through the HPP is for activities that include, but are not limited to, exercising and improving preparedness plans for allhazards emergencies, including pandemic influenza, increasing the ability of healthcare systems to provide needed beds, engage with other responders through interoperable communication systems, track bed and resource availability using electronic systems. Keep reading…

Comments

Filed under Assorted, Medical Cases

Tagged as Aspr, Case Study on Healthcare Coalitions, Cdph, Coalitions, Effective Care, Electronic Systems, Emergency Medical Services, Healthcare Coalitions, Healthcare Organizations, Healthcare Systems, Hpp, Local Partners, Medical Control, Medical Director, Pandemic Influenza, Preparedness Plans, Preparedness Program, Regional Coordinator, Resource Availability, U S Department, U S Department Of Health And Human Services, Victims Of Terrorism

by Bhumik | May 7, 2013

Case Study of Two Successful Township Health Centers in Rural China

Case Study about Two Successful Township Health Centers in Rural China

Abstract: The Township Health Centers (THCs), which serve China’s rural residents are hospitals with Chinese characteristics. A comparative study of two THCs found that their performance is linked to their successful adaptation to the new economic and institutional context within which they operate. It found that health facility managers need to balance the need to generate revenue with the need to maintain their good reputation with government and the community It identified three major influences on their performance: the pattern of economic incentives, formal and informal rules of behavior and the history and management arrangements of the facility.

Introduction: Township Health Centers (THCs) are a major provider of health services for China’s rural population. They have faced big challenges during the transition to a market economy associated with major changes in the institutional context within which they operate (Bloom 2005). This paper explores how two successful facilities have balanced the contradictory pressures of expectations by government and communities for certain standards of service and the need to generate revenue. It concludes that future reform initiatives will need to address influences associated with both financial incentives and those associated with the broader social responsibility of health centers. Keep reading…

Comments

Filed under Assorted, Medical Cases

Tagged as Adaptation, case study, Case Study on Township Health Centers, China Case, China Population, Chinese Characteristics, Comparative Study, Economic Incentives, Facility Introduction, Facility Managers, financial incentives, Good Reputation, Health Centers, health facility, Health Services, Hospitals, Institutional Context, Management Arrangements, market economy, Reform Initiatives, Social Responsibility, Thcs, Township Health Centers, Township Health Centers Case Study

by Bhumik | May 4, 2013

A Case Study on Preventing Alzheimer Disease and Cognitive Decline

A Case Study about Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline

Introduction: Dementia is a loss of cognitive abilities in multiple domains that results in impairment in normal activities of daily living and loss of independence. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, responsible for 60 to 80 percent of all dementia. AD causes severe suffering for patients, including progressive functional impairment, loss of independence, emotional distress, and behavioral symptoms. Families and caregivers often experience emotional and financial stress.

The major risk factor for AD is age, with the prevalence doubling every 5 years after the age of 65. Most estimates of the prevalence of AD in the United States are about 2.3 million for individuals over age 70, but some estimates are as high as 5.3 million individuals over the age of 65. The number of individuals with mild cognitive impairment exceeds the number with AD. These individuals have mild impairment in cognition or daily functions that does not meet the threshold for a diagnosis of dementia, but they ar at increased risk for development of AD, which makes them a prime target for intervention protocols. Keep reading…

Comments

Filed under Assorted, Medical Cases

Tagged as Alzheimer Disease, Alzheimer S Disease, case study, Case Study on Preventing Alzheimer Disease, Cognition, Cognitive Abilities, cognitive decline, Dementia, Diagnosis, Emotional Distress, estimates, financial stress, Functional Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Mild Impairment, Prevalence, Preventing Alzheimer Disease, prime target, Protocols, risk factor, Suffering, Threshold

Category Archives: Medical Cases

A Case Study on Health Locus of Control And Internal Resilience Factors Among Adolescents In Botswana

A Study about Health Locus of Control And Internal Resilience Factors Among Adolescents In Botswana

A Study of Under Nutrition In Slum Community of Mumbai

A Study about Under Nutrition in Slum Community of Mumbai