The eastern Indian Ocean basin is a region of high earthquake and volcanic activity, so it should come as no surprise that tsunamis pose a threat to the Indian Ocean basin. (For example, the 27 August 1883 eruptions of Krakatoa produced a series of tsunamis that killed over 36,000 people in Indonesia.)

Active seismic zones within the Indonesian archipelago are a result of the convergence of the Eurasian, Indo-Australian, Caroline and Philippines plates. The convergence results in the formation of a complex region containing a subduction zone, collision zone, fault zone, back-arc thrusting zone and back-arc spreading zone.
Most of these active zones are located under the sea and produce large shallow earthquakes which possess a high tsunamigenic potential. The historical record of this region indicates that eighteen tsunamis have been generated since 1900 by large shallow earthquakes (Prasetya et al., in press). Fourteen of these tsunamis have occurred in the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, showing that the seabed structure of this area is more unstable and more capable of generating tsunamis than other parts of the archipelago. Click here to read more…
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